The seasonal changes of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), seedling biomass, nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC), complete nitrogen (N), and total phosphorus (P) were measured both in woodlands. The consequences of understory light and its own seasonal variants both in forests regarding the growth and nutrient buildup of understory Korean pine seedlings had been additionally investigated. The outcome indicated that the seasonal variants of monthly cumulative PAR under both forests showed a double-peak design. During the summer, light conditions underneath the two forests were bad due to the shut canopy. In spring and autumn, light conditions were much better as a result of the deciduous characteristics of canopy broadleaved trees, with light conditions underneath the secondary woodland being clearly much better than that of the primary forest. The seasonal variants of biomass, NSC, complete N and complete P levels of Korean pine seedlings within the major and secondary woodlands had been essentially consistent with that of understory light. All those variables more than doubled in spring and autumn, and decreased in summer. In springtime Albright’s hereditary osteodystrophy , starch concentration enhanced. During the summer, starch and soluble sugar concentrations reduced gradually, and touched bottom in August. In autumn, soluble sugar concentration increased significantly. The biomass and NSC concentration of seedlings under secondary forest were substantially higher than those under primary forest in springtime and autumn, but without difference in summer. Therefore, the diffe-rence of understory light problems in springtime and autumn between the two woodlands could be the key aspect driving nutrient accumulation, growth and regeneration of Korean pine seedlings.Hydrological conditions into the flatlands irrigation location tend to be complex, which are strongly suffering from tiny irrigation facilities and human being administration. In this research, the connectivity index of ditch network therefore the impact list of outlying little irrigation facilities were constructed to quantitatively evaluate the hydrological connectivity of the basic irrigation location, Fudong irrigation location, in north Jiangsu Province. The self-organizing function map (SOM) analysis strategy had been used to recognize the consequences of small irrigation facilities regarding the spatial heterogeneity of ditch network structure connectivity. The results revealed that the hydrological structure connectivity differed in various parts of Fudong. The connection when you look at the north associated with the irrigation location was the greatest, nevertheless the worst when you look at the central and south an element of the irrigation area. There were 876 pumps, 633 gates and 2420 culverts when you look at the study area. Without the ramifications of tiny irrigation services, there have been 13 villages with bad hydrological construction connection and 48 villages with great and best hydrological construction connection. Underneath the aftereffects of little irrigation facilities, how many villages with bad connection ended up being paid off to 8, even though the quantity of villages with good and best connection had been risen to 53. As a result of the influence of gates and culvert, the hydrological connectivity of 26 villages in Fudong became bad. The hydrological connection of 39 villages was improved due to the existence of pump.In this study, with liquid salinity whilst the core index, sea-land hydrological connectivity index had been constructed by integrating the hydrological framework connection index (water area ratio, intake and outtake thickness, sea-land distance, and ditch distance). Based on multi-scale spatial analysis, we completed the spatial quantitative analysis and classification of sea-land hydrological connectivity in the study area under an assessment unit of 150 m×150 m grid. The outcomes revealed that sea-land hydrological connectivity slowly reduced from sea to land, with different decreasing prices. The spatial differentiation of water salinity within the study location was substantial, with particular effects on the modification rate of hydrological connectivity. The sea-land hydrological connectivity had been split into four grades, that has been exemplary Genetic diagnosis , good, medium, and bad. Areas under exceptional and good grades had been primarily distributed in offshore places, with saltwater aquaculture ponds and farmland as the AEB071 cost main land use types. The areas with modest and poor land usage were primarily distributed in inland places, with freshwater aquaculture ponds and farmland once the land use kinds. The hydrological process of seaside wetlands ended up being complex. Quantitative seaside wetland hydrological connectivity could offer reference for coastal wetland status assessment and wetland restoration.The ecosystem services cascade (ESC), which links the components of ecosystem solutions with personal value and develops a bridge between normal science and personal research, can help decision-makers better integrate the idea of ecosystem services into decision-making. We reviewed the idea plus the research progress of ESC. Through the point of view of concept, the theoretical research of ESC mainly dedicated to simple tips to accurately determine each element and the causal relationship among various components, enhance the practicability and usefulness of ESC design, and exactly how to effectively link stakeholders and ecosystem service construction.