METHODS: Preoperative 3-D brain surface visualization was perform

METHODS: Preoperative 3-D brain surface visualization was performed with neurosurgical planning software in 77 cases (58 gliomas, 7 cavernomas, 6 meningiomas, and 6 metastasis). Direct intraoperative navigation on the 3-D brain surface was additionally performed in the last 20 cases with a neurosurgical navigation system. For brain surface reconstruction, patient-specific anatomy was obtained from MR imaging and brain volume was extracted with skull stripping or watershed algorithms, respectively. Three-dimensional visualization was performed

by direct volume rendering in both systems. To assess the value of 3-D brain surface visualization for topographic lesion localization, a multiple-choice MAPK inhibitor test was developed. To assess accuracy and reliability of 3-D brain surface visualization for intraoperative orientation, we topographically correlated superficial vessels and gyral anatomy on 3-D brain models with intraoperative images.

RESULTS: The rate of correct lesion localization with 3-D was significantly higher (P = .001, chi(2)), while being significantly less time consuming (P < .001, chi(2)) compared with 2-D images. Intraoperatively, visual correlation was found between the 3-D images, superficial vessels, and gyral anatomy.

CONCLUSION:

The proposed method of 3-D brain surface visualization is fast, clinically reliable for preoperative Tucidinostat clinical trial anatomic lesion localization and patient-specific planning, and, together with navigation, improves intraoperative orientation in brain tumor surgery and is relatively independent of brain shift.”
“The interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral response is a major defense of the host immune system. In order to complete their life cycle, viruses must modulate host IFN-mediated immune responses. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a large DNA virus containing more than 80 genes, many of which encode proteins that are involved in virus-host interactions and show immune modulatory capabilities. In this study, we demonstrate that the US11 protein, an RNA binding tegument protein of HSV-1, is a novel antagonist

Tangeritin of the beta IFN (IFN-beta) pathway. US11 significantly inhibited Sendai virus (SeV)-induced IFN-beta production, and its double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) binding domain was indispensable for this inhibition activity. Additionally, wild-type HSV-1 coinfection showed stronger inhibition than US11 mutant HSV-1 in SeV-induced IFN-beta production. Coimmunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that the US11 protein in HSV-1-infected cells interacts with endogenous RIG-I and MDA-5 through its C-terminal RNA-binding domain, which was RNA independent. Expression of US11 in both transfected and HSV-1-infected cells interferes with the interaction between MAVS and RIG-I or MDA-5. Finally, US11 dampens SeV-mediated IRF3 activation.

However, fluctuating environments likely favor a rise in redundan

However, fluctuating environments likely favor a rise in redundancy over time. With greater redundancy, investment per individual control structure declines, causing a decay in the performance of each individual dimension of control. I conclude that the costs of control structures may influence regulatory architecture. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Many emerging and reemerging viruses, such as rabies, SARS, Marburg, and Ebola have bat populations as disease reservoirs. Understanding the

spillover from bats to humans and other animals, and the associated health risks requires an analysis of the disease dynamics in bat populations. Traditional compartmental epizootic models, which are relatively easy to implement and analyze, usually impose unrealistic aggregation assumptions about disease-related structure and depend on parameters CP-690550 cell line that frequently are not measurable in field

conditions. We propose a novel combination of computational and adaptive modeling approaches that address the maintenance of emerging diseases in bat colonies through individual (intra-host) models of the response of the host to a viral challenge. The dynamics of the individual models are used to define survival, susceptibility and transmission conditions relevant to epizootics as well as to develop and parametrize models of the disease evolution into uniform and diverse populations. Applications of the proposed approach to modeling the effects of immunological heterogeneity on the dynamics of bat rabies are presented. Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The divalent cation copper (Cu2+) has been shown to inhibit chloride currents mediated by the inhibitory glycine receptor (GlyR). Here, we analyzed Cu2+ inhibition of homo- and hetero-oligomeric GlyRs expressed in Xenopus oocytes. No significant

differences in Cu2+ inhibitory potency were found between alpha 1, alpha 2 and alpha 3 GlyRs as well as heteromeric alpha 1 beta receptors. Furthermore, GlyR alpha 1 mutations known to reduce inhibition or potentiation of GlyR currents by Zn2+ had no effect on Cu2+ inhibition. However, Cu2+ was found to competitively antagonize glycine binding, suggesting that Cu2+ binds at Staurosporine datasheet the agonistbinding site. Mutations within the glycine-binding site of the GlyR alpha 1 subunit reduced the inhibitory potency of Cu2+ and led to an up to 4-fold potentiation of glycine-elicited currents by Cu2+. Molecular dynamics simulation suggests this to be due to increased Cu2+ binding energies. Our data show that GlyR binding-site mutations can convert inhibitors of agonist binding into highly effective positive modulators. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The dihydropyridines (DHPs), nifedipine and nicardipine, modulate native glycine receptors (GlyRs) at micromolar concentrations. Nicardipine has a biphasic potentiating and inhibitory effect, whereas nifedipine causes inhibition only.

Projecting from the tufts were thin, variably curved strands with

Projecting from the tufts were thin, variably curved strands with lengths (15 to 70 nm) in some cases sufficient to extend across the entire thickness of the tegument (similar to 50 nm). Strands were sensitive to removal from the capsid by brief sonication, which also removed UL36 and UL37. The findings are interpreted to indicate that UL36 and UL37 are the components of the tufts and of the thin strands that extend from AZD0156 cost them. The strand lengths support the view that they could serve as organizing features

for the tegument, as they have the potential to reach all parts of the tegument. The variably curved structure of the strands suggests they may be flexible, a property that could contribute to the deformable nature of the tegument.”
“BACKGROUND: Unfavorable anatomy can preclude embolization of intracranial aneurysms. Transcirculation techniques, in which a catheter is navigated from one side of the brain to the other or from the anterior to the posterior circulation, are alternative pathways for primary

or balloon-or stent-assisted coiling.

OBJECTIVE: We report the largest experience in coil embolization of aneurysms using transcirculation techniques.

METHODS: We reviewed our endovascular database from 2006 to 2009 and identified 18 patients who had aneurysms treated with transcirculation techniques.

RESULTS: Eight patients had anterior and 10 had posterior circulation aneurysms. Overall, 8 patients were treated with stent-assisted coiling and 9 with balloon-assisted coiling, including 1 patient treated with a “”kissing balloon” technique. Baf-A1 Of the 9 patients treated with balloon-assistance, 1 also was stented at the conclusion of aneurysm coiling. One patient with a left fourth vertebral artery (V4) aneurysm was treated with coiling alone via a bilateral vertebral artery (VA) approach. In 14 patients, the anterior communicating and posterior communicating arteries were used as conduits. In 4 patients, both VAs were traversed to

treat 2 V4 aneurysms and 2 posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms. One patient died as a result of treatment and was the only permanent complication (5.6%). Complete or near-complete (>95%) embolization was achieved in all patients.

CONCLUSION: Transcirculation techniques are effective Progesterone pathways for embolization of complex aneurysms. Although technically challenging, these techniques are associated with an acceptably low rate of complications when compared to the natural history of the treated lesion.”
“High-risk cohorts in East Africa and the United States show rates of dual HIV-1 infection-the concomitant or sequential infection by two HIV-1 strains-of 50% to 100% of those of primary infection, and our normal-risk HIV-positive cohort in Cameroon exhibits a rate of dual infection of 11% per year, signifying that these infections are not exceptional.

As subcortical and cortical processing dynamically interact to sh

As subcortical and cortical processing dynamically interact to shape auditory perception in an experience-dependent manner, we asked whether subcortical processing of musical sounds would be sensitive to harmonic relationships. We examined auditory brainstem responses to a chord that was preceded either by a harmonically related chord, by

an unrelated chord, or was repeated. We observed Sepantronium higher spectral response magnitudes in the related than in the unrelated or repeated conditions, for both musician and nonmusician listeners. Our results suggest that listeners’ implicit knowledge of musical regularities influences subcortical auditory processing. NeuroReport 22:504-508 (C) 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.”
“Estrogens and estrogen receptors (ER) are key actors in the control of differentiation and survival and act on extrareproductive tissues such as brain. Thus, estrogens may

display neuritogenic effects during development and neuroprotective effects in the pathophysiological Ilomastat mouse context of brain ischemia and neurodegenerative pathologies like Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease. Some of these effects require classical transcriptional “”genomic”" mechanisms through ER, whereas other effects appear to rely clearly on “”membrane-initiated mechanisms”" through cytoplasmic signal transduction pathways. Disturbances of these mechanisms by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) may exert adverse effects on brain. Some EDC may act via ER-independent mechanisms but might cross-react with endogenous estrogen. Other EDC may act through ER-dependent mechanisms and display agonistic/antagonistic estrogenic properties. Because of these potential effects of EDC, it is necessary to establish sensitive cell-based assays to determine EDC effects on brain. In the present Tolmetin review, some

effects of estrogens and EDC are described with focus on ER-mediated effects in neuronal cells. Particular attention is given to PC12 cells, an interesting model to study the mechanisms underlying ER-mediated differentiating and neuroprotective effects of estrogens.”
“To investigate whether glycine receptors influence radial migration in the neocortex, we analyzed the effect of glycine and the glycinergic antagonist strychnine, on the distribution of 5-bromo-2′deoxyuridine-labeled neurons in organotypic slice cultures from embryonic mice cortices. Application of glycine impeded radial migration only in the presence of the glycine-transport blockers, ALX-5407 and ALX-1393. This effect was blocked by the specific glycine receptor antagonist strychnine, whereas application of strychnine in the absence of glycine was without effect.

CONCLUSION: This preliminary study establishes that the optic ner

CONCLUSION: This preliminary study establishes that the optic nerve and chiasm tolerate CyberKnife hypofractionated radiosurgery of 5 X 500 cGy to perichiasmatic pituitary adenomas. Early data suggest that. this dosing paradigm may achieve satisfactory

radiographic and endocrinological tumor control for these challenging lesions, but longer follow-up is necessary to confirm these results.”
“OBJECTIVE: Spinal sarcomas pose unique treatment dilemmas because of the difficulty of achieving adequate surgical margins and/or delivering curative radiation doses (65 Gy) in close proximity to the spinal cord. This study used hypofractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to deliver higher biologically effective doses to treat primary spinal JNK-IN-8 datasheet sarcomas and spinal sarcoma metastases.

METHODS: Twenty-four patients with spinal or paraspinal sarcomas entered an institutional Review Board-approved registry trial to evaluate SRS efficacy. They were assessed at regular intervals for pain control, click here disease progression, and complications for a minimum of 12 months or until death.

RESULTS: The median treatment dose for the spinal sarcoma lesions was 30 Gy at the 80% isodose in 3 fractions, with some variation based on tumor size, shape, and dose to adjacent critical structures. Seven patients were treated definitively; all had excellent pain

relief and are alive with a mean follow-up period of 33 months. Two patients had complete tumor regression, 3 had partial regression, and 2 experienced recurrences and have been re-treated. Seven patients

underwent resection and adjuvant SRS. One of 3 patients treated preoperatively had complete tumor regression, and none of the 4 patients treated postoperatively had a local recurrence with a mean follow-up period of 43.5 months. All 10 patients with sarcoma metastases to the spine (16 lesions) died, with a mean survival of 11.1 months from first spinal metastasis treatment. Complete pain relief was achieved in 8 patients, partial relief in 7 patients, and none in 1 patient. No patient developed radiation myelitis.

CONCLUSION: These preliminary results suggest that SRS may have a role in the definitive treatment of patients with primary spinal sarcomas who are deemed unresectable Rutecarpine and as adjuvant treatment in those undergoing surgery and for palliation of sarcoma metastases.”
“OBJECTIVE: To conduct a retrospective review of outcomes in 15 patients with 18 foraminal tumors, including 17 benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors and 1 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, who underwent CyberKnife (Accuray, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) radiosurgery at Stanford University Medical Center from 1999 to 2006.

METHODS: Symptoms and findings, neurofibromatosis (NF) association, previous radiation, imaging, dosimetry, tumor volume, central necrosis, and the relation of these factors to outcomes were evaluated.

10)

Conclusions: Examiner ratings of child behavior a

10).

Conclusions: Examiner ratings of child behavior at age 7 revealed less optimal behavioral ABT-263 price regulation

for prenatally cocaine-exposed compared to non-exposed children, in contrast with what had been previously found from parent-report data. This evidence highlights the potential value of trained observers in assessing behavioral outcomes of children exposed in utero to drugs and other toxicants. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved,”
“Individual differences in adolescents’ executive functioning are often attributed either to intrauterine substance exposure or to adolescents’ own substance use, but both predictors typically have not been evaluated simultaneously in the same study. This prospective study evaluated whether intrauterine drug exposures, the adolescents’ own substance use, and/or their potential interactions are related to poorer executive functioning after controlling for important contextual variables. Analyses were based on data collected on a sample of 137 predominantly African-American/African Caribbean adolescents from low-income urban this website backgrounds who were followed since their term birth. Intrauterine substance exposures (cocaine, marijuana, alcohol, and cigarettes)

and adolescents’ substance use were documented using a combination of biological assays and maternal and adolescent self-report. At 12-14 years of age, examiners masked to intrauterine exposures and current substance use assessed the adolescents using the Delis Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS), an age-referenced instrument

evaluating multiple dimensions of executive functioning (EF).

Results Cell press of covariate-controlled analyses in this study suggest that when intrauterine substance exposures and young adolescents’ substance use variables were in the same analysis models, subtle differences in specific EF outcomes were identifiable in this non-referred sample. While further study with larger samples is indicated, these findings suggest that 1) research on adolescent substance use and intrauterine exposure research should evaluate both predictors simultaneously, 2) subtle neurocognitive effects associated with specific intrauterine drug exposures can be identified during early adolescence, and 3) intrauterine substance exposure effects may differ from those associated with adolescents’ own drug use. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used flame retardants that have become pervasive environmental contaminants and may contribute to adverse health outcomes. We evaluated in mice the developmental neurotoxicity of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), one of the most abundant PBDE congeners detected in animal and human tissues. Female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to daily doses of 0, 0.03, 0.1 or 1 mg/kg beginning 4 weeks prior to conception, continuing through gestation and lactation, and ending at weaning on postnatal day (PND) 21.

Recently we induced STEAP specific helper T lymphocytes that reco

Recently we induced STEAP specific helper T lymphocytes that recognize the naturally processed STEAP peptide epitopes STEAP(102-116) and STEAP(192-206) arising from STEAP BAY 63-2521 concentration expressing tumor cells. Thus, STEAP may be a useful tumor associated antigen for designing T-cell based immunotherapy. We determined whether STEAP

could induce anti-cellular immune responses to urological cancer.

Materials and Methods: We selected 2 previously described STEAP derived epitope peptides, STEAP(102-116) and STEAP(192-206), and examined their ability to elicit helper T-lymphocyte responses by in vitro vaccination of CD4 T lymphocytes from healthy individuals and patients with cancer.

Results: STEAP peptides induced helper T-lymphocyte responses using lymphocytes from healthy individuals that directly recognized STEAP expressing, DR positive renal cell and bladder cancer cells, and autologous dendritic cells

pulsed with STEAP expressing tumor cell lysates in a Adavosertib in vitro major histocompatibility complex class II restricted manner. These peptides also stimulated T-cell responses in patients with renal cell or bladder cancer. Each STEAP peptides behaved as a promiscuous T-cell epitope, in that they stimulated T cells in the context of multiple major histocompatibility complex class II alleles.

Conclusions: Results show that STEAP helper T-lymphocyte epitopes could be used to optimize T-cell based immunotherapy against STEAP expressing renal cell and bladder cancer.”
“Purpose: We identified a discrete population of stem cell-like tumor cells expressing

5 essential transcription factors required to reprogram pluripotency in prostate tumor cell lines and primary prostate cancer tissue. Materials and

Methods: DU145 and PC3 human prostate cancer cell lines (ATCC (R)), tumor tissue from patients with prostate cancer and normal prostate tissue were evaluated for the reprogramming factors OCT3/4 (Cell Signaling Technology (R)), SOX2, Klf4 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, California), Nanog (BioLegend (R)) and c-Myc (Cell Signaling) by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Stem cell-like tumor cells were enriched by flow cytometric cell sorting using E-cadherin (R&D Acesulfame Potassium Systems (R)) as a surface marker, and soft agar, spheroid and tumorigenicity assays to confirm cancer stem cell-like characteristics.

Results: mRNA expression of transcription factors 0CT314 and SOX2 highly correlated in primary prostate tumor tissue samples. The number of OCT3/4 or 50X2 expressing cells was significantly increased in prostate cancer tissue compared to that in normal prostate or benign prostate hyperplasia tissue (p < 0.05). When isolated from the DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines by flow cytometry, stem cell-like tumor cells expressing high OCT3/4 and SOX2 levels showed high tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice.

These results suggest that thalamocortical connectivity to the LP

These results suggest that thalamocortical connectivity to the LPFC is altered in schizophrenia with functional consequences on working memory processing in LPFC. Neuropsychopharmacology

(2012) 37, 499-507; doi:10.1038/npp.2011.215; published online 28 September 2011″
“The aims of the present study were to: (1) assess agreement for diagnoses of specific anxiety disorders between direct interviews and the family history method; (2) compare prevalence estimates according to direct interviews and family history information; (3) test strategies to approximate prevalence estimates according to family history reports to those based on direct interviews; (4) test covariates of inter-infomant agreement; and (5) test the likelihood of reporting disorders by informants. Analyses were based on family study data which included 1625 distinct informant Selleck Lonafarnib (first-degree relatives and spouses)-index subject pairs. Our main findings were: (1) inter-informant agreement was satisfactory for panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder; (2) the family history method provided lower prevalence estimates for all anxiety disorders (except for generalized anxiety

disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder) than direct interviews; (3) the lowering of diagnostic thresholds and the combination of multiple family history reports increased the accuracy of prevalence estimates according to the family Enzalutamide cost history method; (4) female

gender of index subjects was associated with poor agreement; and (5) informants, who themselves had a history of an anxiety disorder, were more likely to detect this disorder in their relatives which entails the risk of overestimation of the size of familial aggregation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Much progress and significant therapeutic changes have been made in the field of tumor therapy in the past decades. Besides chemotherapy and radiotherapy, a special focus was laid on targeted therapies such as small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and other immunomodulatory drugs, which have become standard therapies and important combination partners in a variety of malignancies. In contrast to the widely established use of these often anti-angiogenic drugs, many functional molecular PD184352 (CI-1040) mechanisms are yet not completely understood. Recent analyses focused not only on their direct anti-tumor responses, but also on their influence on tumor microenvironment, as well as on their effects on malignant and healthy cells. Different anti-angiogenic compounds targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or platelet-derived growth factor pathways seem to be capable of modulating immune responses, in a positive, as well as apparently harmful manner. For an optimal clinical anti-cancer treatment, a better understanding of these immunomodulatory effects is necessary.

The agonist of P2X(7) receptor BzATP caused a sustained increase

The agonist of P2X(7) receptor BzATP caused a sustained increase in [Ca2+](i) in both groups, but the effect was smaller in patients. The antagonist at the P2X(7) receptor KN-62 reduced [Ca2+](i) in patients, but had no effect in healthy subjects. In patients, the permeability of ethidium bromide through P2X(7) pores, as well as through BzATP-activated and KN-62-inhibited

pores, was distinct from permeability in healthy volunteers. Conclusions:These results demonstrate that the calcium signaling pathway in PBMCs of CKD patients is defective already in CKD stage 2-3, and the pore-forming P2X(7) receptors are involved in these pathophysiological processes. copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“The sub-nanosecond structural dynamics of reduced and oxidized cytochrome c were characterized. Dynamic properties of the protein backbone measured by amide (15)N selleck relaxation and side chains measured

Quisinostat supplier by the deuterium relaxation of methyl groups change little upon change in the redox state. These results imply that the solvent reorganization energy associated with electron transfer is small, consistent with previous theoretical analyses. The relative rigidity of both redox states also implies that dynamic relief of destructive electron transfer pathway interference is not operational in free cytochrome c.”
“Sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1Rs) have been implicated in many neurological and psychiatric conditions.

Sig-1Rs Farnesyltransferase are intracellular chaperones that reside specifically at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrion interface, referred to as the mitochondrion-associated ER membrane (MAM). Here, Sig-1Rs regulate ER-mitochondrion Ca2+ signaling. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of Sig-1R functions. Based on this, we suggest that the key cellular mechanisms linking Sig-1Rs to neurological disorders involve the translocation of Sig-1Rs from the MAM to other parts of the cell, whereby Sig-1Rs bind and modulate the activities of various ion channels, receptors, or kinases. Thus, Sig-1Rs and their associated ligands may represent new avenues for treating aspects of neurological and psychiatric diseases.”
“The aim of the study was to collect retrospective data on renal anemia management, comorbidities and prospective data on 12-month standard care erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) therapy used in 398 hemodialyzed patients in selected Central and Eastern European countries (50 centers in 3 countries). Patients were divided into three groups according to ESA therapy start: group A-ESA (after start of hemodialysis, HD), B-ESA (within 3 months from start of HD), C-ESA (more than 3 months before HD). At the chronic kidney disease diagnosis, hemoglobin in all patients was 10.3 +/- 2.3 g/dl; however, ferritin, iron, TSAT were within reference limits.

Twelve healthy subjects received whole-body perturbations while s

Twelve healthy subjects received whole-body perturbations while seated in a tilting chair that required a compensatory upper limb reaction to regain balance following instability. The influence of perturbation amplitude (stimulus-dependent challenge- slow vs. fast perturbations) and task condition (context-dependent challenge- unrestricted vs. restricted movement) on EDR timing and magnitude parameters were examined. While EDR latency was consistent across conditions with onset occuring approximately 2 s after the

GW786034 concentration perturbation, peak-to-peak EDR amplitude was influenced by both stimulus-dependent and context-dependent challenges and also mirrored postural response amplitude. Compared to the Slow condition, EDR amplitude was 27 +/- 6% larger in the Fast condition (p = 0.0004). Similarly, ARN-509 concentration EDR amplitude was 244 +/- 86% larger in the Restricted task condition relative to the Unrestricted task condition (p=0.006). Context-dependent EDR modulation suggests that autonomic reactivity is associated with some higher level of processing independent of the degree of challenge related to stimulus characteristics. This work has potential implications for understanding determinants of central nervous system reactivity

among individuals with impaired limb control where the recovery challenge is uniquely linked to the context. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is a common neurodegenerative disorder of the aging population characterized by alpha-synuclein accumulation in cortical and subcortical regions. Although neuropathology in advanced age has been investigated in dementias such as Alzheimer Disease (AD), severity of the neuropathology in the oldest old with DLB remains uncharacterized. For this purpose we compared characteristics of DLB cases divided into three age groups 70-79, 80-89 and >= 90 years (oldest old). Neuropathological indicators and levels of synaptophysin were assessed and correlated with clinical measurements of cognition and dementia severity. These

studies showed that frequency Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase and severity of DLB was lower in 80-89 and >= 90 year cases compared to 70-79 year old group but cognitive impairment did not vary with age. The extent of AD neuropathology correlated with dementia severity only in the 70-79 year group, while synaptophysin immunoreactivity more strongly associated with dementia severity in the older age group in both DLB and AD. Taken together these results suggest that the oldest old with DLB might represent a distinct group. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“This study analyzed the balance strategies of ballet dancers during postural equilibrium in three single leg balance conditions with and without vision and regard to age.