An extension of the ERI model takes overcommitment into account (Siegrist et al. 2004). This refers to a motivational pattern of excessive work-related commitment and high need for approval. Overcommitment is a psychological risk factor in itself that adds to the strain of working conditions. Besides these theory-based approaches to assess stress at work, a large number of studies based on questionnaires

of stress-related items dealing with long working hours, time pressure, interpersonal conflicts and other psychosocial aspects of work have been conducted (e.g. Theorell and Floderus-Myrhed 1977; Suadicani et al. 1993; Hibbard and Pope 1993; Matthews and Gump 2002). While cross-sectional, case–control and Ro 61-8048 solubility dmso prognostic studies still dominate in the literature, a large number of well-designed prospective cohort studies have been conducted in the last years. These contribute MM-102 a higher degree of evidence to the

causal relationship between work stress and health. Numerous reviews have been published on the relation between stress and CVD (e.g. Costa 2004; Dimsdale 2008; Karasek 2006). Unfortunately, most of the reviews are narrative in nature and thus not transparent and not as comprehensive. Eller et al. (2009), Kivimäki et al. (2006), Netterstrøm and Kristensen (2005), Belkic et al. (2004) and Hemingway and Marmot (1999) conducted systematic reviews. These employ an explicit research strategy with Cilengitide datasheet predefined search terms for identifying every publication in the field and analyse the results in a systematic, objective manner in order to minimise bias. Usually, the quality of each study in respect to its level of evidence of results is taken into account, giving more weight to higher-level studies with less risk of bias or confounding (such as randomised trials or cohort studies) than to studies Org 27569 with methodological restrictions. The aim of the present study was to conduct an up-to-date systematic review based on longitudinal data on the association of psychosocial stress

at work with cardiovascular diseases. A broader definition of work stress and cardiovascular outcomes was applied. The following questions were assessed: Is stress at work related to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (coronary heart disease, stroke and hypertension)? Which stress models and which CVD outcomes have the strongest evidence for an association? Methods The authors performed a systematic review on the role of work stress for the development of cardiovascular diseases by collecting and analysing all relevant publications with a predefined strategy. The authors intended to include a variety of databases besides MEDLINE, possibly identifying articles published in less-known journals and older publications, and to include those based on less-known stress models.