Associations between the properties of upbeat nystagmus and maximum concentrations of DPAA among DPAA exposure were also investigated.
Results: Upbeat nystagmus was common among exposure victims, occurring in 23 of 29 subjects (79.0%). The subjects with upbeat nystagmus had significantly higher ratio than those without upbeat nystagmus in the points of subjective symptoms and DPAA concentration of drinking water (p<0.01). The slow-phase amplitude of upbeat nystagmus enlarged with increasing DPAA concentrations, showing a significant positive correlation (p<0.05). These findings suggest that see more the level of exposure to DPAA affects the properties of nystagmus. High-frequency pathological square-wave
jerks (SWJ) were seen in 14 of 29 patients (48.0%), and mean SWJ frequency was 112.4 16.7/min.
Conclusions: Detection of abnormal ocular movements may be useful in evaluating residual/persistent/chronic CNS damage due to organoarsenic poisoning. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“The widely available STAT inhibitor hallucinogen salvinorin A is a unique example of a plant-derived compound selective for kappa-opioid receptors and may produce effects distinct from those of other compounds with classic
hallucinogenic or dissociative properties which are also abused in humans.
The objective of this study is to characterize the salvinorin A discriminative cue in nonhuman primates with high kappa-receptor genetic homology to humans.
Adult rhesus monkeys (n = 3) were trained to
discriminate salvinorin A (0.015 mg/kg, s.c.) from vehicle, in a food-reinforced operant discrimination assay. Parallel studies, using unconditioned behavioral endpoints (facial relaxation and ptosis) also evaluated the kappa-opioid receptor mediation of salvinorin A in vivo function.
Monkeys trained to discriminate salvinorin A generalized structurally diverse, centrally penetrating kappa-agonists (bremazocine, Farnesyltransferase U69,593, and U50,488). By contrast, mu- and delta-opioid agonists (fentanyl and SNC80, respectively) were not generalized, nor were the serotonergic 5HT2 hallucinogen psilocybin or the dissociative N-methyl-D-aspartic acid antagonist, ketamine. The discriminative effects of salvinorin A were blocked by the opioid antagonist quadazocine (0.32 mg/kg), but not by the 5HT2 antagonist ketanserin (0.1 mg/kg). Consistent with these findings, salvinorin and kappa-agonists (e.g., U69,593) produce effects in the unconditioned endpoints (e.g., ptosis), whereas psilocybin was inactive.
These findings support the conclusion that the interoceptive/discriminative cue produced by salvinorin A is mediated by agonism at kappa-receptors and is mechanistically distinct from that produced by a classic serotonergic hallucinogen.”
“Despite their apparently good prognosis B15% of high hyperdiploid (HD) childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases relapse.