Clinical and pathological data of the 72 patients are listed in table 1. Eighteen patients Citarinostat solubility dmso (25%) had T cell ALL, forty-five (62.5%) had AML (no M3 subtype) and nine (12.5%) had stage IV NHL disease. At presentation, forty-one

patients (57%) had white blood cells (WBC) higher than 20,000/mmc and thirty-one (43%) a lower count. Morphologically, the AML patients were classified as M0 (1 case), M1 (5 cases), M2 (18 cases), M4 (10 cases) (two of which were secondary leukemia), M5 (8 cases), M6 (1 case), M7 (2 cases); T-cell ALL cases as L1 (1 case) and L2 (17 cases). The NHL patients were classified as Burkitt-like (1 case), T-cells (3 cases) and B-cells (5 cases) (14) (tab. 1). Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patient enrolled in the study Variable No. of samples % AGE     ≤ 24 months 10 13.9 > 24 months 62 86.1 SEX     MALES

48 65.3 FEMALES 24 34.7 WBC     < 20000/mmc 31 43 ≥ 20000/mmc 41 57 Tumour type     AML 45      M0 1 1.4    M1 5 7    M2 18 25    M4 10 13.8    M5 8 11    M6 1 1.4    M7 2 2.8 ALL-Tcells 18      L1 1 1.4    L2 17 23.6 NHL 9      T cells 3 4.2    B cells 5 7    Burkitt 1 1.4 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Gadd45a, pErk-1, pJNK and Caspase 8 Table 2 summarizes the results of the immunocytochemical analysis related to % of blasts with protein activation and intensity of the staining. Table 2 Distribution of protein activation or expression and selleck compound staining intensity in blasts derived from haematological neoplasms Marker SCH772984 cost Activated status Number of patients (%) Staining Intensity Number of patients (%)   negative 1–30% >30% Low Intermediate/high Gadd45a 12 (16.6%) 30 (41.7%) 30 (41.7%) 20 (33.3%) 40 (66.7%) pErk-1 3 (4.2%) 22 (30.5%) 47 (65.3%) 13 (18.8%) 56 (81.2%) JNK 10 (13.8%) 36 (50%) 26 (36.2%) 16 (25.8%) 46 (74.2%) Caspase8 6 (8.3%) 32 (44.4%) 34 (47.3%) 21 (31.8%) 45 (68.2%) In details, 30 specimens Enzalutamide showed low and 30 high

Gadd45a expression levels (83.4%), while in 12 samples (16.6%) the protein was absent. Immune-reactivity, detected in the nuclei and cytoplasms of blasts, showed high or low staining intensity in 40/60 samples (66.7%) and 20/60 samples (33.3%), respectively (Figure 1A). Figure 1 Representative ICC for JNK (A), pErk-1 (B), Gadd45a (C) and Caspase8 (D). (A) JNK nuclear immune-reactivity in positive bone marrow blasts. (B, C) pErk-1 and Gadd45a nuclear and cytoplasmic staining in blasts. (D) Caspase8 cytoplasmic immune-staining in bone marrow blasts. Arrows show positive red stained cells. Erk-1 activation, was detected in 69 of 72 evaluated specimens (95.8%): score 1 and 2 in 30.5% and 65.3%, respectively. The intensity of nuclear staining showed low or intermedie/high staining in 18.8% and 81.2% samples, respectively (Fig. 1B). JNK activation showed score 1 or score 2 in 50% (36/72) and 36.2% (26/72) samples, respectively.