Consequently, differences between StreptInCor and the M protein sequences do not affect opsonization of the target strain, indicating that StreptInCor have broad capacity of coverage against the diverse M-types around the world. Previously we showed

that StreptIncor can be recognized by several HLA class II molecules, making it a candidate vaccine with broad capacity of coverage. The binding prediction of the C-terminal Afatinib cost amino acid sequences of the M1, M5, M6, M12 and M87 proteins with different HLA class II molecules shows that the possibility of recognition/processing of M proteins and peptides in the pockets (P1, P4, P6 and P9) of different HLA class II molecules agree with previous human studies from our group [26]. Another important data present here is that the anti-StreptInCor opsonizing and neutralizing antibodies did not induce cross-reactivity with human valve protein extracts, indicating the absence of cross-reactive antibodies. These results agrees with previous studies with HLA class II transgenic mice, in which no cross reactivity against heart-tissue derived proteins and

no tissue lesions were observed in several organs up to one year post-vaccination [29]. The present work reinforces the safety of and strong immune response triggered by the StreptInCor mice vaccination. Productions of antibodies that opsonize and neutralize a broad range of S. pyogenes PCI32765 strains indicate

the potential of StreptInCor to prevent streptococcal infections without causing deleterious reactions. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. StreptInCor intellectual properties are in the names of Luiza Guilherme and Jorge Kalil. This work was supported by grants from “Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)” and “Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)”. Karine De Amicis’s benefits were supported by “Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)”. why “
“Global molecular analyses are exploited to enhance our understanding of novel vaccination strategies. High-throughput technologies, including microarray analyses and RNA deep sequencing, allow genome-wide profiling of gene expression within different study groups. Similarly, targeted assays enable study of the expression of a dedicated number of genes [e.g. dual colour reverse transcription multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (dcRT-MLPA) assay], cell-expressed molecules (e.g. flow cytometry) or secreted molecules (multiplex assays). Expectations of data output from these analyses in vaccine trials are high, and it is hoped that through the systematic analysis of biomarkers using modern bioassays, predictive biomarkers, which can be used as (surrogate) markers of clinical endpoints or of adverse events, can be identified.