oryzae and in X. campestris ATCC 33913; ORF XAC3225, which is in a region only found in X. vesicatoria; and ORF XAC3320, which encodes one transposase only absent in the

X. vesicatoria strain. In short, three of the seven ORFs described as candidate genes to be present in lateral transfer islands were analyzed in terms of expression levels and conditions. It was observed that they play important roles in plant-pathogen interrelations, because they are only expressed when cells are multiplied in planta. The culture medium does not contain compounds present in plants, and for this reason, it did not induce expression. However, the observation that mutants for these genes showed reduced virulence and symptom alterations supports their importance in the interaction with the host. These results corroborate the altered pathogeniCity of the mutants studied here when inoculated in a host plant, indicating that the products of these VX-680 genes are important for pathogen establishment and development in the host. Conclusion The experiments described in the present study represent the first attempt to use a high-throughput mutagenesis analysis method to identify a wealth of genes

that contribute to Xcc virulence. These results allowed identification of new putative virulence factors, as well as novel potential targets for drugs in this strain, especially TGF-beta inhibitor the genes present in the Xcc exclusive putative pathogeniCity island. Methods Bacterial strains, culture media and growth conditions Xcc strain 306 [4] was maintained in phosphate buffer at room temperature

during all experiments. Growth experiments were performed in either TSA medium (10 g/L tryptone, 10 g/L sucrose, 1 g/L sodium glutamate) or NB medium (3 g/L beef extract, 5 g/L peptone) at 28°C, with addition of agar (15 g/L) where solid medium was required. Cells were grown in test tubes containing 3 mL of culture medium, at 28°C with shaking at 200 rpm, or in Petri dishes in an incubator at 28°C. When required, Erismodegib kanamycin or ampicillin was added to the culture medium to a final concentration of 100 μg/mL. E. coli strain DH10B was maintained at ADP ribosylation factor -80°C on Luria-Bertani (LB) medium containing 12.5% (v/v) glycerol and was grown on LB medium at 37°C with shaking at 200 rpm. In vitro mutagenesis A set of Xcc strain 306 mutants was obtained by random insertion of the Tn5 transposon. The transposon was inserted by electroporation (2500 V, 25 μF, 200 ohms, 0.2 cm cuvette width) with an EZ::Tn5 KAN-2 Tnp Transposome Kit, according to the instructions of the manufacturer (Epicentre Technologies). Transformed colonies were selected on TSA culture medium containing kanamycin (transposon selection marker) and mutants were picked and transferred individually to 96-well microtitre plates containing TSA culture medium with kanamycin and 20% (v/v) glycerol. After growing for 2 days at 28°C with shaking at 200 rpm, the plates were stored at -80°C.