Tagetes minuta characteristically contains high concentrations of essential oils, flavonoids,
polyphenols, and Entinostat nmr polysaccharides that interfere with DNA, causing erroneous or no PCR products. We tested and modified various standard protocols in an effort to isolate high-quality DNA from different plant tissues of T. minuta. We used sun-dried, shade-dried and fresh-leaf tissues, as well as seeds for DNA analysis. The DNA obtained from seeds and fresh-leaf tissues with a modified cetyltrimethylammonium bromide buffer protocol was of good quality, with no colored pigments and contaminants. We were able to obtain good quality DNA from fresh leaf tissues without using liquid nitrogen. A relatively large amount of DNA was also extracted from the sun-and shade-dried tissues, but its quality was not as good as that from seeds. The DNA extracted from seeds and fresh leaves was successfully amplified
by PCR using arbitrary RAPD primers. The same protocol will probably be useful for extracting high-molecular weight DNA from other plant materials containing large amounts of secondary metabolites and essential oils.”
“INTRODUCTION: Several meta-analyses have examined the efficacy of smoking cessation therapies in the general population. However, little is known about Selleckchem TPCA-1 the efficacy of these therapies in cardiac patients.
Therefore, a BTSA1 meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to determine the efficacy of behavioural therapy and pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation in cardiac patients.
METHODS: The medical literature was systematically reviewed to identify smoking cessation RCT in cardiac patients. Only RCTs that reported smoking abstinence at six or 12 months were included. Smoking abstinence was examined based on the ‘most rigorous criterion’, defined as the most conservative outcome reported in any given RCT.
RESULTS: Eleven behavioural therapy RCTs that enrolled 2105 patients and four pharmacotherapy RCTs chat enrolled 1542 patients were identified. RCTs differed in the type of behavioural therapy administered as well as the total length and duration of the intervention. RCTs differed in the type of pharmacotherapy administered (one nicotine patch RCT one nicotine guru RCT and two bupropion RCTs). Behavioural therapy was associated with a significantly higher proportion of smoking abstinence than usual care (OR 1.97 [95% CI 1.37 to 2.851). Pharmacotherapies were more efficacious than placebo (pooled OR 1.72 195% CI 1.15 to 2.571).
CONCLUSIONS: Both behavioural therapy and pharmacotherapy are more efficacious than usual care for smoking cessation in cardiac patients.