The phytoplankton absorption coefficient aph(λ) was then obtained as the difference between ap(λ) and ad(λ). Veliparib manufacturer We also measured the absorption coefficient of coloured dissolved organic matter aCDOM (λ) [m−1] using a Unicam UV4-100 spectrophotometer. These measurements were made in 5 cm cuvettes on samples

filtered through a 0.2 μm acetate filter and relative to pure water (deionized and particle-free). The values of aCDOM(λ) were calculated by multiplying the baseline-corrected optical densities ODCDOM(λ) by ln(10) and dividing by the pathlength of 0.05 m. Assuming that aCDOM(λ) is negligible at wavelengths roughly above 680 nm, any measured offset was subtracted to obtain the final aCDOM(λ). The scattering coefficients of particles bp(λ) [m−1] were calculated as the difference between the spectral attenuation and absorption coefficients by non-water constituents (dissolved

and particulate) – cn(λ) and an(λ) respectively. The latter were measured in situ in the near-surface layer (ca 1.5 m depth) using a spectral absorption-attenuation meter (WET Labs ac-9) at nine wavelengths (412, 440, 488, 510, 532, 555, 650, 676, 715 nm) and a 25 cm pathlength. Corrections for in situ temperature and salinity effects on the optical properties of water were applied according to Pegau et buy NVP-BEZ235 al. (1997). A correction for the incomplete recovery of the scattered light in the absorption tube of the ac-9 instrument (the so-called proportional method) was used according to Zaneveld et al. (1994). The backscattering coefficients of particles

bbp(λ) [m−1] were estimated from in situ measurements performed in the near-surface layer (ca 1.5 m depth) using a spectral backscattering meter (HOBI Labs Hydroscat-4) at four wavelengths (420, 488, 550 and 620 nm). The raw data from the instrument, i.e. values of volume scattering function Nintedanib (BIBF 1120) at an angle of 140°, β(140) were used for estimating bbp according to the method described in Maffione & Dana (1997) and Dana & Maffione (2002). A correction for the incomplete recovery of backscattered light in highly attenuating waters (the so-called sigma-correction) was applied in accordance with the instrument User’s Manual ( HOBI Labs 2008) using data on absorption and attenuation coefficients measured with the ac-9 instrument. The volume scattering functions of particles for a light wavelength of 532 nm, βp,532(θ) [m−1 sr−1], were also measured in situ in the near-surface layer of seawater for a portion of our samples (collected between April 2008 and September 2009). This was done with a WET Labs ECO volume scattering function meter at angles of 100, 125 and 150°. The raw data measured with this instrument were corrected for the dark counts of the detector (determined at each station) and then calibrated according to the manufacturer’s specification.